碳纤维复合材料部件加工技术现状及发展趋势

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220528.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为难加工材料之一的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)具有强度高、质量轻、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优异性能,被广泛应用于航空、汽车、风力发电等行业领域,产品市场日益扩大,其部件的尺寸精度、表面质量等精加工技术逐渐成为众多厂商和专家学者的研究热点。本文综述常见CFRP部件加工技术特点、加工技术机理、单工艺参数对加工质量影响和应用现状,探讨CFRP部件常见加工技术改进趋势,并展望了CFRP部件高精度加工技术的发展趋势。

关键词: 碳纤维, 复合材料, 部件加工技术, 工艺改进

Abstract: As one of the difficult-to-process materials, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) have excellent properties such as high strength, light weight, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. They are widely used in aviation, automotive, wind power and other industries, and the product market is expanding. Finishing technologies such as the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of its components have gradually become the research hotspots of many manufacturers, experts and scholars. This article reviews the characteristics of common CFRP parts processing technology, processing technology mechanism, the influence of single process parameters on processing quality and application status, discusses the improvement trend of common processing technology of CFRP parts, and prospects the development trend of high-precision processing technology of CFRP parts.

Key words: carbon fiber, composite materials, component processing technology, process improvement

中图分类号:

TB332

钟明建, 胡炜杰, 廖晓恬, 韦君婷, 刘冰, 胡芝蓉. 碳纤维复合材料部件加工技术现状及发展趋势[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2022, 0(5): 110-119.

ZHONG Ming-jian, HU Wei-jie, LIAO Xiao-tian, WEI Jun-ting, LIU Bing, HU Zhi-rong. Present situation and development trend of processing technology of carbon fiber composite parts[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2022, 0(5): 110-119.

参考文献

[1] 冯春春, 常海涛. 碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料的性能、制备及应用研究[J]. 山东化工, 2016(23): 1-2, 4.
[2] 张宇, 张丽丽. 碳纤维复合材料在现代汽车工业领域的应用[J]. 纤维复合材料, 2019, 36(3): 53-57.
[3] 樊星. 碳纤维复合材料的应用现状与发展趋势[J]. 化学工业, 2019, 37(4): 12-16, 25.
[4] YU Z, LI R, PENG Z, et al. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites[J]. 材料科学: 先进复合材料, 2017, 1(1): 7-12.
[5] 于海宁, 高长星, 王艳华. 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的应用及展望[J]. 合成纤维工业, 2020, 43(1): 55-59.
[6] 王军照. 碳纤维复合材料在航空领域中的应用现状及改进[J]. 今日制造与升级, 2020(8): 48-49.
[7] 彭鹤轩. 碳纤维复合材料的应用和展望[J]. 现代盐化工, 2018, 45(5): 24-25.
[8] 马晓坤, 王瑞, 侯建峰, 等. 基于汽车轻量化的碳纤维复合材料应用分析[J]. 化工新型材料, 2020, 48(11): 223-226.
[9] 王冰佳, 黄强, 呼慧. 复合材料及碳纤维在风力机叶片中的应用现状[J]. 电站系统工程, 2019, 35(3): 43-45.
[10] 邢丽英, 冯志海, 包建文, 等. 碳纤维及树脂基复合材料产业发展面临的机遇与挑战[J]. 复合材料学报, 2020, 37(11): 2700-2706.
[11] 王昌赢, 文亮, 明伟伟, 等. 碳纤维增强复合材料铣削加工技术研究进展[J]. 航空制造技术, 2015(14): 76-80.
[12] WOLFANG H, MARCEL C, GREGOR K. Influence of weave structure on delamination when milling CFRP[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Tech, 2015, 216: 199-205.
[13] 肖建章. 碳纤维复合材料切削加工力学建模与工艺参数优化研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2018.
[14] 陈燕, 葛恩德, 傅玉灿, 等. 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料制孔技术研究现状与展望[J]. 复合材料学报, 2015, 32(2): 301-316.
[15] 张厚江. 单向碳纤维复合材料直角自由切削力的研究[J]. 航空学报, 2005(5): 604-609.
[16] HINTZE W, HARTMANN D, SCHÜTTE C. Occurrence and propagation of delamination during the machining of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs)-An experimental study[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2011, 71(15): 1719-1726.
[17] PECAT O, RENTSCH R, BRINKSMEIER E. Influence of milling process parameters on the surface integrity of CFRP[J]. Procedia CIRP, 2012, 1: 466-470.
[18] FERREIRA J R, COPPINI N L, NETO F L. Characteristics of carbon-carbon composite turning[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2001, 109(1-2): 65-71.
[19] WANG X, KWON P Y, STURTEVANT C, et al. Tool wear of coated drills in drilling CFRP[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2013, 15(1): 127-135.
[20] KUMAR S, GUPTA M, SATSANGI P S. Multiple-response optimization of cutting forces in turning of UD-GFRP composite using Distance-Based Pareto Genetic Algorithmapproach[J]. Engineering Science & Technology An International Journal, 2015, 18(4): 680-695.
[21] 葛恩德, 王东, 李汝鹏, 等. 不同温度下CFRP单向板切削力和加工损伤研究[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料, 2018(12): 62-66.
[22] HA S J, KIM K B, YANG J K, et al. Influence of cutting temperature on carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites in high-speed machining[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2017, 31(4): 1861-1867.
[23] 朱国平. 单向C/E复合材料钻削温度场研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2013.
[24] 陈涛, 苗光, 李素燕. 碳纤维复合材料切削加工技术研究进展[J]. 哈尔滨理工大学学报, 2016, 21(2): 71-77.
[25] 刘汉良, 张加波, 王震, 等. 碳纤维与芳纶纤维复合材料机械加工刀具选用[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2013, 43(4): 95-98, 117.
[26] 王明海, 孙国强. 薄板钻加工碳纤维复合材料仿真研究[J]. 机床与液压, 2013, 41(23): 5.
[27] 葛军. 高压水射流切割技术原理及其应用研究[J]. 中国新技术新产品, 2013(6): 18.
[28] 叶俊华, 李俊辰, 何勇, 等. 高压水射流技术在航空发动机中的应用与展望[J]. 热加工工艺, 2022(17): 6-11.
[29] 王伟. 高压磨料水射流切割碳纤维复合材料的试验研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨理工大学, 2015.
[30] CHITHIRAI P S, DIVYA M, SWAROOP R P, et al. Investigation on abrasive waterjet machining conditions of mild steel using artificial neural network[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019, 19(2): 233-239.
[31] 张成光, 张勇, 张飞虎, 等. 磨料水射流加工去除模型研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(7): 188-196.
[32] 谷岩, 冯懿娜, 刘斌. 高压水射流技术在环氧类复合材料加工中的应用[J]. 机电产品开发与创新, 2015, 28(5): 130-132.
[33] ABIDI A, SALEM S B, BEZAZI A, et al. A comparative study on the effect of milling and abrasive water jet cutting technologies on the tensile behavior of composite carbon/epoxy laminates[J]. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2021, 57(4): 539-550.
[34] KUMARAN S T, KO T J, UTHAYAKUMAR M, et al. Prediction of surface roughness in abrasive water jet machining of CFRP composites using regression analysis[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 724: 1037-1045.
[35] YANG X, LIN X, LI M, et al. Experimental study on surface integrity and kerf characteristics during abrasive waterjet and hybrid machining of CFRP laminates[J]. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2020, 21(2): 2209-2221.
[36] SAMBRUNO A, BAON F, BENYAHYA F, et al. Analysis of technological capabilities of AWJM in the microdrilling of composites used for the aeronautical engineering[J]. Procedia Manufacturing, 2019, 41: 241-248.
[37] POPAN I A, CONTIU G, CAMBELL I, et al. Investigation on standoff distance influence on kerf characteristics in abrasive water jet cutting of composite materials[J]. Matec Web of Conferences, 2017, 137: 01009.
[38] HERGHELEGIU E, RADU C, SCHNAKOYSZKY C, et al. Influence of the distance between the cutting head and working sample on the geometric precision in water jet abrasive cutting process[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, 371: 240-244.
[39] DOLUK E, KUCZMASZEWSKI J, PIEKO P. The influence of changing the parameters of water-abrasive cutting on the quality of cutting composite cross-section structures[J]. Mechanik, 2018, 91(7): 476-478.
[40] 潘峥正, 万庆丰, 雷玉勇, 等. 基于后混合式磨料水射流磨料颗粒运动研究[J]. 机床与液压, 2014, 42(9): 109-112.
[41] 康磊. 高压磨料水射流喷嘴几何形状与性能研究[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2015.
[42] 吕瑞虎, 侯红玲. 碳纤维复合材料的激光切割加工研究[J]. 锻压装备与制造技术, 2020, 55(5): 105-110.
[43] 王园园. 硬脆材料激光与超声复合加工实验研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽建筑大学, 2015.
[44] 张学聪, 钱静, 刘军, 等. 激光加工纤维增强复合材料研究进展[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2020, 57(11): 421-432.
[45] 张玲玲, 姜兆华, 张伟, 等. 超强度纤维柔性复合材料激光加工工艺研究[J]. 应用激光, 2012, 32(3): 238-243.
[46] SALAMA A, LI L, MATIVENGA P, et al. High-power picosecond laser drilling/machining of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites[J]. Applied Physics A, 2016, 122(2): 73-84.
[47] SALAMA A, YAN Y, LI L, et al. Understanding the self-limiting effect in picosecond laser single and multiple parallel pass drilling/machining of CFRP composite and mild steel[J]. Materials & design, 2016, 107: 461-469.
[48] 花银群, 肖淘, 薛青, 等. 激光切割碳纤维复合材料的实验研究[J]. 激光技术, 2013(5): 565-570.
[49] FREITAG C, WIEDENMANN M, NEGAL J P, et al. High-quality processing of CFRP with a 1.1-kW picosecond laser[J]. Applied Physics A, 2015, 119(4): 1237-1243.
[50] CHRISTIAN F, VOLKHER O, RUNDOLF W, et al. High-speed observation of the heat flow in CFRP during laser processing[J]. Physics Procedia, 2012, 39(9): 171-178.
[51] 刘畅. CFRP结构红外激光表面处理多参数耦合优化研究[D]. 德阳: 中国民用航空飞行学院, 2019.
[52] OH S, LEE I, PARK Y B, et al. Investigation of cut quality in fiber laser cutting of CFRP[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2019, 113: 129-140.
[53] WEBER R, HAFNER M, MICHALOWSKI A, et al. Minimum damage in CFRP laser processing[J]. Physics Procedia, 2011, 12: 302-310.
[54] 赖宏坤, 齐欢. 采用532 nm纳秒光纤激光对金属和热障涂层的激光微加工[J]. 中国激光, 2013, 40(8): 52-57.
[55] 张加波, 张开虎, 范洪涛, 等. 纤维复合材料激光加工进展及航天应用展望[J/OL]. 航空学报: 1-21[2021-12-16]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1929.V.20210803.1317.002.html.