车用碳纤维增强复合材料连接结构耐久性研究及失效机理分析

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20231028.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 粘接接头便于连接FRP型材料,具有应力分布均匀、疲劳性能好、质量轻等优点,常被用于车辆的轻量化结构设计。车辆在服役过程中会经历不同的温度、湿度耦合作用,给粘接结构的耐久性带来了巨大的挑战。因此,研究车用碳纤维增强复合材料连接结构(CFRP-CFRP)耐久性对车辆轻量化具有重要的指导意义。本文对CFRP-CFRP单搭接接头分别进行在60 ℃/95%RH、60 ℃/100%RH、60 ℃/3.5%NaCl和60 ℃/5%NaCl温湿盐耦合环境下放置240 h、480 h、720 h的老化试验。利用Fick定律模拟胶黏剂吸水过程,并与实际吸水率进行比较;通过准静态拉伸测试得到接头失效载荷和力-位移曲线,观察到失效载荷并不随时间增长而上升或下降,这表明后固化(失效载荷上升)和环境侵蚀(失效载荷下降)是两种具有相反作用相互竞争的因素。此外,采用DSC和FTIR测试设备对老化前后的胶黏剂进行表征,分析其内在失效机理。

关键词: 轻量化, 粘接接头, 失效载荷, 后固化, 碳纤维增强复合材料

Abstract: Bonding joints are easy to connect FRP materials, with uniform stress distribution, good fatigue performance, light weight and other advantages, so they are often used in the lightweight structure of vehicles. The vehicle in the process of service will experience huge challenge such as different coupling temperature, humidity, the adhesive of the durability of the structure, therefore, studying the durability of carbon fiber reinforced composite material connection structures (CFRP-CFRP) for vehicles has important guiding significance for the lightweight of vehicles. The CFRP-CFRP single-lap joints were aged at 60 ℃/95%RH, 60 ℃/100%RH, 60 ℃/3.5%NaCl and 60 ℃/5%NaCl for 240 h, 480 h and 720 h, respectively. Fick’s law was used to simulate the adhesive water absorption process, and compared with the actual water absorption rate. The joint failure load and force-displacement curves were obtained through quasi-static tensile test to explore the mechanical properties of the joint. It was observed that failure load did not increase or decrease uniformly with time increasing, indicating that post-curing (failure load increasing) and environmental erosion (failure load decreasing) were two competing factors with opposite effects. DSC and FTIR test equipment were used to characterize the adhesive before and after aging and its internal failure mechanism was analyzed.

Key words: lightweight, adhesive joint, failure load, post curing, CFRP

中图分类号:

TB332

杨阳, 林英豪, 王元伍, 范以撒. 车用碳纤维增强复合材料连接结构耐久性研究及失效机理分析[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2023, 0(10): 78-86.

YANG Yang, LIN Yinghao, WANG Yuanwu, FAN Yisa. Durability study and failure mechanism analysis of carbon fiber reinforced composite connection structures for vehicles[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2023, 0(10): 78-86.

参考文献

[1] TAUB A I, LUO A A. Advanced lightweight materials and manufacturing processes for automotive applications[J]. MRS Bulletin, 2015, 40(12): 1045-1054.
[2] DITTMAR H, PLAGGENBORG H. Lightweight vehicle underbody design[J]. Reinforced Plastics, 2017, 63(1): 29-32.
[3] 娄淑梅, 任国栋, 杨振三, 等. 多款胶黏剂对碳纤维复合材料单搭接胶接性能研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2022(11): 35-42.
[4] JC A, SONG G A, HAO J A, et al. Adhesive bond-electromagnetic rivet hybrid joining technique for CFRP/Al structure: Process, design and property[J]. Composite Structures, 2020, 244: 112316.
[5] CHUANXI L, KE L, HE J, et al. Effects of mechanical properties of adhesive and CFRP on the bond behavior in CFRP-strengthened steel structures[J]. Composite Structures, 2019, 211(1): 163-174.
[6] HOSSEINI A, MICHELS J, IZADI M, et al. A comparative study between Fe-SMA and CFRP reinforcements for prestressed strengthening of metallic structures[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 226(30): 976-992.
[7] 那景新, 王广彬, 庄蔚敏, 等. 复合材料粘接结构强度与环境耐久性综述[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2021, 21(6): 78-93.
[8] HESHMATI M, HAGHANI R, AL-EMRANI M. Environmental durability of adhesively bonded FRP/steel joints in civil engineering applications: State of the art[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2015, 81: 259-275.
[9] 王安东, 卞贵学, 张勇, 等. 海洋环境下G814/3233复合材料的老化机理及加速老化与自然老化的相关性[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(5): 74-80.
[10] 秦国锋, 糜沛纹, 那景新. 胶粘剂和CFRP吸湿对复合材料粘接接头失效的影响[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2021, 21(5): 149-160.
[11] YAO M, ZHU D, YAO Y, et al. Experimental study on basalt FRP/steel single-lap joints under different loading rates and temperatures[J]. Composite Structures, 2016, 145: 68-79.
[12] BAI Y, NGUYEN T C, ZHAO X L, et al. Environment-assisted degradation of the bond between steel and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2014, 26(9): 1-8.
[13] BORSELLINO C, URSO S, ALDERUCCI T, et al. Temperature effects on failure mode of double lap glass-aluminum and glass-GFRP joints with epoxy and acrylic adhesive[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2021, 105: 102788.
[14] BUCH X, SHANAHAN M E R. Influence of the gaseous environment on the thermal degradation of a structural epoxy adhesive[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2000, 7(7): 987-992.
[15] HAN X, CROCOMBE A D, ANWAR S N R, et al. The effect of a hot-wet environment on adhesively bonded joints under a sustained load[J]. Journal of Adhesion, 2014, 90(5-6): 420-436.
[16] DHAKAL H, ZHANG Z, BENNETT N, et al. Effects of water immersion ageing on the mechanical properties of flax and jute fiber bio-composites evaluated by nanoindentation and flexural testing[J]. Journal of Composite Materials, 2014, 48(11): 1399-1406.
[17] CAVODEAU F, BROGLY M, BISTAC S, et al. Hygrothermal aging of an epoxy/dicyandiamide structural adhesive-influence of water diffusion on the durability of the adhesive/galvanized steel interface[J]. Journal of Adhesion, 2020, 96(11): 1027-1051.
[18] GANG Z A, ZH A, KAI W B, et al. On failure mechanisms in CFRP/Al adhesive joints after hygrothermal aging degradation following by mechanical tests[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2021, 158: 107184.
[19] STAZI F, GIAMPAOLI M, ROSSI M, et al. Environmental ageing on GFRP pultruded joints: Comparison between different adhesives[J]. Composite Structures, 2015, 133: 404-414.
[20] BARBOSA A Q, SILVA L F M D, ÖCHSNER A. Hygrothermal aging of an adhesive reinforced with microparticles of cork[J]. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2015, 29(16): 1714-1732.
[21] ZHANG F, WANG H P, HICKS C, et al. Experimental study of initial strengths and hygrothermal degradation of adhesive joints between thin aluminum and steel substrates[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2013, 43: 14-25.
[22] REIS P, SOARES J, PEREIRA A M, et al. Effect of adherends and environment on static and transverse impact response of adhesive lap joints[J]. Theoretical & Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2015, 80: 79-86.
[23] MOMBER A W, FRÖCK L, MARQUARDT T. Effects of adhesive type on the mechanical properties of adhesive joints between polyurethane top coats and polyurethane-based adhesives after accelerated atmospheric ageing[J]. Marine Structures, 2021, 79(12): 103022.
[24] Adhesives-Determination of tensile lap-shear strength of rigid-to-rigid bonded assemblies: ISO 4587: 2003[S]. 2003.
[25] Switzerland Standard Association. Plastics-determination of tensile properties-test. conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics: NF ISO 527-2[S]. Geneva, Switzerland:Switzerland1 Standards Association International, 2012.
[26] AMELI A, DATLA N V, PAPINI M, et al. Hygrothermal properties of highly toughened epoxy adhesives[J]. The Journal of Adhesion, 2010, 86(7): 698-725.
[27] XU J, KOLSTEIN H, BIJLAARD F, et al. Effects of hygrothermal aging on glass-fibre reinforced polymer laminates and adhesive of FRP composite bridge: Moisture diffusion characteristics[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2014, 57(1): 49-58.
[28] COLIN X, AUDOUIN L, VERDU J. Kinetic modelling of the thermal oxidation of polyisoprene elastomers. Part 1: Unvulcanized unstabilized polyisoprene[J]. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 2007, 92(5): 886-897.
[29] LI H L, ZHANG K F, FAN X T, et al. Effect of seawater ageing with different temperatures and concentrations on static/dynamic mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2019, 173: 106910.
[30] MU W, NA J, WANG G, et al. Rapid prediction method of failure load for hygrothermally aged CFRP - aluminum alloy single lap joints[J]. Composite Structures, 2020, 252: 112603.
[31] JX A, KE C A, MENG Y A, et al. Effect of temperature and water penetration on the interfacial bond between epoxy resin and glass fiber: A molecular dynamics study [J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022, 350: 118424.
[32] VIANA G, COSTA M, BANEA M D, et al. A review on the temperature and moisture degradation of adhesive joints[J]. Journal of Materials: Design and Application, 2017, 231(L5): 488-501.
[33] NACHTANE M, TARFAOUI M, SONIA S, et al. An investigation of hygrothermal aging effects on high strain rate behaviour of adhesively bonded composite joints[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2019, 172(1): 111-120.
[34] HAQUE A, HOSSAIN M K. Effects of moisture and temperature on high strain rate behavior of glass-vinyl ester woven composites[J]. Journal of Composite Materials, 2003, 37(7): 627-647.
[35] SMITH R E, LARSEN F N, LONG C L. Epoxy resin cure. Ⅱ. FTIR analysis[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1984, 29(12): 3713-3726.