尼龙6基复合材料的抗冲击性能与协同增强效应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用熔融挤出法、阳极氧化法和叠层模压法制备了二元、三元和四元尼龙6(PA6)基复合材料。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对多尺度增强体增强PA6基复合材料的冲击断口形貌进行了表征,研究了无机颗粒(IP)、碳纤维(CF)和金属增强的尼龙6复合材料的冲击性能。结果表明:①无机颗粒和碳纤维多尺度增强PA6具有一定的协同效应,可以显著提高复合材料的冲击性能;②微米级玻璃微珠(micro GB)在冲击应力下发生脱粘,对裂纹扩展有偏转和钉扎等作用;③纳米级CaCO₃(nano CaCO₃)在冲击应力下发生脱粘的同时还产生了微裂纹和银纹,协助玻璃微珠和碳纤维产生增强效果;④纤维金属层板在冲击应力下的失效方式为纤维脱粘、断裂和拔出,基体拉伸断裂,金属的塑性形变、断裂与氧化层开裂,以及金属与基体界面脱粘。

关键词: 无机颗粒, 碳纤维, 尼龙6基复合材料, 阳极氧化, 冲击性能

Abstract: This paper studies the effect of different reinforcements on the impact properties and synergistic reinforcement of nylon 6 composites, and analyzes the reasons for its enhancement. The binary, ternary and quaternary nylon 6 (PA6) matrix composites were fabricated by melt-extrusion, anodic oxidation and hot pressing method. The fracture morphologies of multi-scale reinforcement reinforced PA6 matrix composites under impact stress were characterized by FESEM. The impact properties and reinforcement mechanisms of inorganic particles (IP), carbon fibers(CF) and metal-reinforced nylon 6 composites were studied. The results show that: ① There is a certain synergistic effect in inorganic particle and carbon fiber multi-scale co-reinforced PA6 matrix composites, which can significantly improve the impact properties of the composites. The impact strength of GB, CF, and metal co-reinforced PA6 composite reaches 94.7 kJ/m². ② Micron-sized glass beads (micro GB)debond under impact stress, which deflected and pinned the crack propagation. ③ Nano CaCO₃ debonds under impact stress and produces the micro-cracks and crazes, which help the reinforcement of the glass beads and carbon fibers. ④ The failure modes of fiber metal laminate under impact stress are the debonding, fracture and pull-out of fiber, tensile fracture of the matrix, the plastic deformation, fracture and oxide layer cracking of the metals, and the interfacial debonding of the metal to substrate.

Key words: inorganic particles, carbon fiber, nylon 6 matrix composites, anodize, impact property

中图分类号:

TB332

李艳, 尹洪峰, 秦月, 杨顺. 尼龙6基复合材料的抗冲击性能与协同增强效应[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2020, 0(12): 84-91.

LI Yan, YIN Hong-feng, QIN Yue, YANG Shun. IMPACT PROPERTIES AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF NYLON 6 BASED COMPOSITES[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2020, 0(12): 84-91.

参考文献

[1] 白荣光, 李鹏洲. 尼龙(聚酰胺)66聚合技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2014, 33(1): 21-24.
[2] 孙彩虹, 毕静利, 张艳君, 等. 尼龙6物理改性技术研究进展[J]. 山东化工, 2018, 47(11): 55-56.
[3] LIAO G, LI Z, CHENG Y, et al. Properties of oriented carbon fiber/polyamide 12 composite parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling[J]. Materials & Design, 2018, 139: 283-292.
[4] 李姝喆, 王伟, 夏浙安, 等. 增韧剂对尼龙6/碳纤维复合材料性能的影响[J]. 功能高分子学报, 2018, 31(6): 595-601.
[5] 李宏福, 王淑范, 孙海霞, 等. 连续碳纤维/尼龙6热塑性复合材料的吸湿及力学性能[J]. 复合材料学报. 2019, 36(1): 114-121.
[6] 张承启, 彭小红, 包海峰. 碳纤维-尼龙6混编织物复合材料的制备及性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2019, 36(11): 2487-2494.
[7] KARSLI N G, AYTAC A. Tensile and thermomechanical properties of short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2013, 51 (51): 270-275.
[8] JIN W Y, LEE W, DONG G S, et al. Effect of phenoxy-based coating resin for reinforcing pitch carbon fibers on the interlaminar shear strength of PA6 composites[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science &Manufacturing, 2016, 87: 212-219.
[9] 刘盟盟, 蔡以兵, 靳子昂, 等. 聚乳酸/纳米SiO₂复合纤维的制备及力学性能[J]. 材料导报, 2015, 29(2): 96-100.
[10] 徐启杰. 聚酰胺6基纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究[D]. 河南: 河南大学, 2014.
[11] BINDU M G, SATAPATHY B K, JAGGI H S, et al. Size-scale effects of silica on bis-GMA/TEGDMA based nanohybrid dental restorative composites[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2013, 53: 92-102.
[12] KAULLY T, SIEGMANN A, SHACHAM D. Mechanical behavior of highly filled natural CaCO₃ composites: Effect of particle size distribution and interface interactions[J]. Polymer Composites, 2008, 29(4): 396-408.
[13] 颜录科, 骆睿, 何苗苗, 等. 中空与实心玻璃微珠填充PTFE密封材料的性能[J]. 工程塑料应用, 2018, 38(4): 28-31, 36.
[14] 王冰星, 吴喜元, 刘亚辉. 空心玻璃微珠/PA66复合材料的性能研究[J]. 塑料助剂, 2015(6): 33-36.
[15] GUO L, QI H, ZHANG G, et al. Distinct tribological mechanisms of various oxide nanoparticles added in PEEK composite reinforced with carbon fibers[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2017, 97: 19-30.
[16] HE H, GUO F. Resin modification on interlaminar shear property of carbon fiber/epoxy/nano-CaCO₃ hybrid composites[J]. Polymer Composites, 2015, 38(9): 2035-2042.
[17] 陈玉丽, 马勇, 潘飞, 等. 多尺度复合材料力学研究进展[J]. 固体力学学报, 2018, 39(1): 1-68.
[18] WAN T, LIAO S, WANG K, et al. Multi-scale hybrid polyamide 6 composites reinforced with nano-scale clay and micro-scale short glass fibre[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2013, 50 (50): 31-38.
[19] HAN W, ZHANG H, XU X, et al. Hybrid enhancements by polydopamine and nanosilicaon carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates under marine environment[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2018, 112: 283-289.
[20] 边晋石, 尹洪峰, 秦月, 等. 无机颗粒/碳纤维共增强聚酰胺6复合材料的制备与力学性能研究[J]. 中国塑料, 2019, 33(8): 32-38, 48.
[21] American Society for Testing and Material. Standard test method for determining the lzod pendulum impact resistance of plastics: ASTM D256-10[S]. Pennsylvania, United States: ASTM International, 2010.